tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86.c - third_party/linux - Git at Google

 /*
  * tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86.c
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2018, Google LLC.
  *
  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
  */

 #define _GNU_SOURCE /* for program_invocation_name */

 #include "test_util.h"
 #include "kvm_util.h"
 #include "kvm_util_internal.h"
 #include "x86.h"

 /* Minimum physical address used for virtual translation tables. */
 #define KVM_GUEST_PAGE_TABLE_MIN_PADDR 0x180000

 /* Virtual translation table structure declarations */
 struct pageMapL4Entry {
 	uint64_t present:1;
 	uint64_t writable:1;
 	uint64_t user:1;
 	uint64_t write_through:1;
 	uint64_t cache_disable:1;
 	uint64_t accessed:1;
 	uint64_t ignored_06:1;
 	uint64_t page_size:1;
 	uint64_t ignored_11_08:4;
 	uint64_t address:40;
 	uint64_t ignored_62_52:11;
 	uint64_t execute_disable:1;
 };

 struct pageDirectoryPointerEntry {
 	uint64_t present:1;
 	uint64_t writable:1;
 	uint64_t user:1;
 	uint64_t write_through:1;
 	uint64_t cache_disable:1;
 	uint64_t accessed:1;
 	uint64_t ignored_06:1;
 	uint64_t page_size:1;
 	uint64_t ignored_11_08:4;
 	uint64_t address:40;
 	uint64_t ignored_62_52:11;
 	uint64_t execute_disable:1;
 };

 struct pageDirectoryEntry {
 	uint64_t present:1;
 	uint64_t writable:1;
 	uint64_t user:1;
 	uint64_t write_through:1;
 	uint64_t cache_disable:1;
 	uint64_t accessed:1;
 	uint64_t ignored_06:1;
 	uint64_t page_size:1;
 	uint64_t ignored_11_08:4;
 	uint64_t address:40;
 	uint64_t ignored_62_52:11;
 	uint64_t execute_disable:1;
 };

 struct pageTableEntry {
 	uint64_t present:1;
 	uint64_t writable:1;
 	uint64_t user:1;
 	uint64_t write_through:1;
 	uint64_t cache_disable:1;
 	uint64_t accessed:1;
 	uint64_t dirty:1;
 	uint64_t reserved_07:1;
 	uint64_t global:1;
 	uint64_t ignored_11_09:3;
 	uint64_t address:40;
 	uint64_t ignored_62_52:11;
 	uint64_t execute_disable:1;
 };

 /* Register Dump
  *
  * Input Args:
  *   indent - Left margin indent amount
  *   regs - register
  *
  * Output Args:
  *   stream - Output FILE stream
  *
  * Return: None
  *
  * Dumps the state of the registers given by regs, to the FILE stream
  * given by steam.
  */
 void regs_dump(FILE *stream, struct kvm_regs *regs,
 	       uint8_t indent)
 {
 	fprintf(stream, "%*srax: 0x%.16llx rbx: 0x%.16llx "
 		"rcx: 0x%.16llx rdx: 0x%.16llx\n",
 		indent, "",
 		regs->rax, regs->rbx, regs->rcx, regs->rdx);
 	fprintf(stream, "%*srsi: 0x%.16llx rdi: 0x%.16llx "
 		"rsp: 0x%.16llx rbp: 0x%.16llx\n",
 		indent, "",
 		regs->rsi, regs->rdi, regs->rsp, regs->rbp);
 	fprintf(stream, "%*sr8:  0x%.16llx r9:  0x%.16llx "
 		"r10: 0x%.16llx r11: 0x%.16llx\n",
 		indent, "",
 		regs->r8, regs->r9, regs->r10, regs->r11);
 	fprintf(stream, "%*sr12: 0x%.16llx r13: 0x%.16llx "
 		"r14: 0x%.16llx r15: 0x%.16llx\n",
 		indent, "",
 		regs->r12, regs->r13, regs->r14, regs->r15);
 	fprintf(stream, "%*srip: 0x%.16llx rfl: 0x%.16llx\n",
 		indent, "",
 		regs->rip, regs->rflags);
 }

 /* Segment Dump
  *
  * Input Args:
  *   indent - Left margin indent amount
  *   segment - KVM segment
  *
  * Output Args:
  *   stream - Output FILE stream
  *
  * Return: None
  *
  * Dumps the state of the KVM segment given by segment, to the FILE stream
  * given by steam.
  */
 static void segment_dump(FILE *stream, struct kvm_segment *segment,
 			 uint8_t indent)
 {
 	fprintf(stream, "%*sbase: 0x%.16llx limit: 0x%.8x "
 		"selector: 0x%.4x type: 0x%.2x\n",
 		indent, "", segment->base, segment->limit,
 		segment->selector, segment->type);
 	fprintf(stream, "%*spresent: 0x%.2x dpl: 0x%.2x "
 		"db: 0x%.2x s: 0x%.2x l: 0x%.2x\n",
 		indent, "", segment->present, segment->dpl,
 		segment->db, segment->s, segment->l);
 	fprintf(stream, "%*sg: 0x%.2x avl: 0x%.2x "
 		"unusable: 0x%.2x padding: 0x%.2x\n",
 		indent, "", segment->g, segment->avl,
 		segment->unusable, segment->padding);
 }

 /* dtable Dump
  *
  * Input Args:
  *   indent - Left margin indent amount
  *   dtable - KVM dtable
  *
  * Output Args:
  *   stream - Output FILE stream
  *
  * Return: None
  *
  * Dumps the state of the KVM dtable given by dtable, to the FILE stream
  * given by steam.
  */
 static void dtable_dump(FILE *stream, struct kvm_dtable *dtable,
 			uint8_t indent)
 {
 	fprintf(stream, "%*sbase: 0x%.16llx limit: 0x%.4x "
 		"padding: 0x%.4x 0x%.4x 0x%.4x\n",
 		indent, "", dtable->base, dtable->limit,
 		dtable->padding[0], dtable->padding[1], dtable->padding[2]);
 }

 /* System Register Dump
  *
  * Input Args:
  *   indent - Left margin indent amount
  *   sregs - System registers
  *
  * Output Args:
  *   stream - Output FILE stream
  *
  * Return: None
  *
  * Dumps the state of the system registers given by sregs, to the FILE stream
  * given by steam.
  */
 void sregs_dump(FILE *stream, struct kvm_sregs *sregs,
 		uint8_t indent)
 {
 	unsigned int i;

 	fprintf(stream, "%*scs:\n", indent, "");
 	segment_dump(stream, &sregs->cs, indent + 2);
 	fprintf(stream, "%*sds:\n", indent, "");
 	segment_dump(stream, &sregs->ds, indent + 2);
 	fprintf(stream, "%*ses:\n", indent, "");
 	segment_dump(stream, &sregs->es, indent + 2);
 	fprintf(stream, "%*sfs:\n", indent, "");
 	segment_dump(stream, &sregs->fs, indent + 2);
 	fprintf(stream, "%*sgs:\n", indent, "");
 	segment_dump(stream, &sregs->gs, indent + 2);
 	fprintf(stream, "%*sss:\n", indent, "");
 	segment_dump(stream, &sregs->ss, indent + 2);
 	fprintf(stream, "%*str:\n", indent, "");
 	segment_dump(stream, &sregs->tr, indent + 2);
 	fprintf(stream, "%*sldt:\n", indent, "");
 	segment_dump(stream, &sregs->ldt, indent + 2);

 	fprintf(stream, "%*sgdt:\n", indent, "");
 	dtable_dump(stream, &sregs->gdt, indent + 2);
 	fprintf(stream, "%*sidt:\n", indent, "");
 	dtable_dump(stream, &sregs->idt, indent + 2);

 	fprintf(stream, "%*scr0: 0x%.16llx cr2: 0x%.16llx "
 		"cr3: 0x%.16llx cr4: 0x%.16llx\n",
 		indent, "",
 		sregs->cr0, sregs->cr2, sregs->cr3, sregs->cr4);
 	fprintf(stream, "%*scr8: 0x%.16llx efer: 0x%.16llx "
 		"apic_base: 0x%.16llx\n",
 		indent, "",
 		sregs->cr8, sregs->efer, sregs->apic_base);

 	fprintf(stream, "%*sinterrupt_bitmap:\n", indent, "");
 	for (i = 0; i < (KVM_NR_INTERRUPTS + 63) / 64; i++) {
 		fprintf(stream, "%*s%.16llx\n", indent + 2, "",
 			sregs->interrupt_bitmap[i]);
 	}
 }

 void virt_pgd_alloc(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t pgd_memslot)
 {
 	int rc;

 	TEST_ASSERT(vm->mode == VM_MODE_FLAT48PG, "Attempt to use "
 		"unknown or unsupported guest mode, mode: 0x%x", vm->mode);

 	/* If needed, create page map l4 table. */
 	if (!vm->pgd_created) {
 		vm_paddr_t paddr = vm_phy_page_alloc(vm,
 			KVM_GUEST_PAGE_TABLE_MIN_PADDR, pgd_memslot);
 		vm->pgd = paddr;

 		/* Set pointer to pgd tables in all the VCPUs that
 		 * have already been created.  Future VCPUs will have
 		 * the value set as each one is created.
 		 */
 		for (struct vcpu *vcpu = vm->vcpu_head; vcpu;
 			vcpu = vcpu->next) {
 			struct kvm_sregs sregs;

 			/* Obtain the current system register settings */
 			vcpu_sregs_get(vm, vcpu->id, &sregs);

 			/* Set and store the pointer to the start of the
 			 * pgd tables.
 			 */
 			sregs.cr3 = vm->pgd;
 			vcpu_sregs_set(vm, vcpu->id, &sregs);
 		}

 		vm->pgd_created = true;
 	}
 }

 /* VM Virtual Page Map
  *
  * Input Args:
  *   vm - Virtual Machine
  *   vaddr - VM Virtual Address
  *   paddr - VM Physical Address
  *   pgd_memslot - Memory region slot for new virtual translation tables
  *
  * Output Args: None
  *
  * Return: None
  *
  * Within the VM given by vm, creates a virtual translation for the page
  * starting at vaddr to the page starting at paddr.
  */
 void virt_pg_map(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint64_t vaddr, uint64_t paddr,
 	uint32_t pgd_memslot)
 {
 	uint16_t index[4];
 	struct pageMapL4Entry *pml4e;

 	TEST_ASSERT(vm->mode == VM_MODE_FLAT48PG, "Attempt to use "
 		"unknown or unsupported guest mode, mode: 0x%x", vm->mode);

 	TEST_ASSERT((vaddr % vm->page_size) == 0,
 		"Virtual address not on page boundary,\n"
 		"  vaddr: 0x%lx vm->page_size: 0x%x",
 		vaddr, vm->page_size);
 	TEST_ASSERT(sparsebit_is_set(vm->vpages_valid,
 		(vaddr >> vm->page_shift)),
 		"Invalid virtual address, vaddr: 0x%lx",
 		vaddr);
 	TEST_ASSERT((paddr % vm->page_size) == 0,
 		"Physical address not on page boundary,\n"
 		"  paddr: 0x%lx vm->page_size: 0x%x",
 		paddr, vm->page_size);
 	TEST_ASSERT((paddr >> vm->page_shift) <= vm->max_gfn,
 		"Physical address beyond beyond maximum supported,\n"
 		"  paddr: 0x%lx vm->max_gfn: 0x%lx vm->page_size: 0x%x",
 		paddr, vm->max_gfn, vm->page_size);

 	index[0] = (vaddr >> 12) & 0x1ffu;
 	index[1] = (vaddr >> 21) & 0x1ffu;
 	index[2] = (vaddr >> 30) & 0x1ffu;
 	index[3] = (vaddr >> 39) & 0x1ffu;

 	/* Allocate page directory pointer table if not present. */
 	pml4e = addr_gpa2hva(vm, vm->pgd);
 	if (!pml4e[index[3]].present) {
 		pml4e[index[3]].address = vm_phy_page_alloc(vm,
 			KVM_GUEST_PAGE_TABLE_MIN_PADDR, pgd_memslot)
 			>> vm->page_shift;
 		pml4e[index[3]].writable = true;
 		pml4e[index[3]].present = true;
 	}

 	/* Allocate page directory table if not present. */
 	struct pageDirectoryPointerEntry *pdpe;
 	pdpe = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pml4e[index[3]].address * vm->page_size);
 	if (!pdpe[index[2]].present) {
 		pdpe[index[2]].address = vm_phy_page_alloc(vm,
 			KVM_GUEST_PAGE_TABLE_MIN_PADDR, pgd_memslot)
 			>> vm->page_shift;
 		pdpe[index[2]].writable = true;
 		pdpe[index[2]].present = true;
 	}

 	/* Allocate page table if not present. */
 	struct pageDirectoryEntry *pde;
 	pde = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pdpe[index[2]].address * vm->page_size);
 	if (!pde[index[1]].present) {
 		pde[index[1]].address = vm_phy_page_alloc(vm,
 			KVM_GUEST_PAGE_TABLE_MIN_PADDR, pgd_memslot)
 			>> vm->page_shift;
 		pde[index[1]].writable = true;
 		pde[index[1]].present = true;
 	}

 	/* Fill in page table entry. */
 	struct pageTableEntry *pte;
 	pte = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pde[index[1]].address * vm->page_size);
 	pte[index[0]].address = paddr >> vm->page_shift;
 	pte[index[0]].writable = true;
 	pte[index[0]].present = 1;
 }

 /* Virtual Translation Tables Dump
  *
  * Input Args:
  *   vm - Virtual Machine
  *   indent - Left margin indent amount
  *
  * Output Args:
  *   stream - Output FILE stream
  *
  * Return: None
  *
  * Dumps to the FILE stream given by stream, the contents of all the
  * virtual translation tables for the VM given by vm.
  */
 void virt_dump(FILE *stream, struct kvm_vm *vm, uint8_t indent)
 {
 	struct pageMapL4Entry *pml4e, *pml4e_start;
 	struct pageDirectoryPointerEntry *pdpe, *pdpe_start;
 	struct pageDirectoryEntry *pde, *pde_start;
 	struct pageTableEntry *pte, *pte_start;

 	if (!vm->pgd_created)
 		return;

 	fprintf(stream, "%*s                                          "
 		"                no\n", indent, "");
 	fprintf(stream, "%*s      index hvaddr         gpaddr         "
 		"addr         w exec dirty\n",
 		indent, "");
 	pml4e_start = (struct pageMapL4Entry *) addr_gpa2hva(vm,
 		vm->pgd);
 	for (uint16_t n1 = 0; n1 <= 0x1ffu; n1++) {
 		pml4e = &pml4e_start[n1];
 		if (!pml4e->present)
 			continue;
 		fprintf(stream, "%*spml4e 0x%-3zx %p 0x%-12lx 0x%-10lx %u "
 			" %u\n",
 			indent, "",
 			pml4e - pml4e_start, pml4e,
 			addr_hva2gpa(vm, pml4e), (uint64_t) pml4e->address,
 			pml4e->writable, pml4e->execute_disable);

 		pdpe_start = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pml4e->address
 			* vm->page_size);
 		for (uint16_t n2 = 0; n2 <= 0x1ffu; n2++) {
 			pdpe = &pdpe_start[n2];
 			if (!pdpe->present)
 				continue;
 			fprintf(stream, "%*spdpe  0x%-3zx %p 0x%-12lx 0x%-10lx "
 				"%u  %u\n",
 				indent, "",
 				pdpe - pdpe_start, pdpe,
 				addr_hva2gpa(vm, pdpe),
 				(uint64_t) pdpe->address, pdpe->writable,
 				pdpe->execute_disable);

 			pde_start = addr_gpa2hva(vm,
 				pdpe->address * vm->page_size);
 			for (uint16_t n3 = 0; n3 <= 0x1ffu; n3++) {
 				pde = &pde_start[n3];
 				if (!pde->present)
 					continue;
 				fprintf(stream, "%*spde   0x%-3zx %p "
 					"0x%-12lx 0x%-10lx %u  %u\n",
 					indent, "", pde - pde_start, pde,
 					addr_hva2gpa(vm, pde),
 					(uint64_t) pde->address, pde->writable,
 					pde->execute_disable);

 				pte_start = addr_gpa2hva(vm,
 					pde->address * vm->page_size);
 				for (uint16_t n4 = 0; n4 <= 0x1ffu; n4++) {
 					pte = &pte_start[n4];
 					if (!pte->present)
 						continue;
 					fprintf(stream, "%*spte   0x%-3zx %p "
 						"0x%-12lx 0x%-10lx %u  %u "
 						"    %u    0x%-10lx\n",
 						indent, "",
 						pte - pte_start, pte,
 						addr_hva2gpa(vm, pte),
 						(uint64_t) pte->address,
 						pte->writable,
 						pte->execute_disable,
 						pte->dirty,
 						((uint64_t) n1 << 27)
 							| ((uint64_t) n2 << 18)
 							| ((uint64_t) n3 << 9)
 							| ((uint64_t) n4));
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 }

 /* Set Unusable Segment
  *
  * Input Args: None
  *
  * Output Args:
  *   segp - Pointer to segment register
  *
  * Return: None
  *
  * Sets the segment register pointed to by segp to an unusable state.
  */
 static void kvm_seg_set_unusable(struct kvm_segment *segp)
 {
 	memset(segp, 0, sizeof(*segp));
 	segp->unusable = true;
 }

 /* Set Long Mode Flat Kernel Code Segment
  *
  * Input Args:
  *   selector - selector value
  *
  * Output Args:
  *   segp - Pointer to KVM segment
  *
  * Return: None
  *
  * Sets up the KVM segment pointed to by segp, to be a code segment
  * with the selector value given by selector.
  */
 static void kvm_seg_set_kernel_code_64bit(uint16_t selector,
 	struct kvm_segment *segp)
 {
 	memset(segp, 0, sizeof(*segp));
 	segp->selector = selector;
 	segp->limit = 0xFFFFFFFFu;
 	segp->s = 0x1; /* kTypeCodeData */
 	segp->type = 0x08 | 0x01 | 0x02; /* kFlagCode | kFlagCodeAccessed
 					  * | kFlagCodeReadable
 					  */
 	segp->g = true;
 	segp->l = true;
 	segp->present = 1;
 }

 /* Set Long Mode Flat Kernel Data Segment
  *
  * Input Args:
  *   selector - selector value
  *
  * Output Args:
  *   segp - Pointer to KVM segment
  *
  * Return: None
  *
  * Sets up the KVM segment pointed to by segp, to be a data segment
  * with the selector value given by selector.
  */
 static void kvm_seg_set_kernel_data_64bit(uint16_t selector,
 	struct kvm_segment *segp)
 {
 	memset(segp, 0, sizeof(*segp));
 	segp->selector = selector;
 	segp->limit = 0xFFFFFFFFu;
 	segp->s = 0x1; /* kTypeCodeData */
 	segp->type = 0x00 | 0x01 | 0x02; /* kFlagData | kFlagDataAccessed
 					  * | kFlagDataWritable
 					  */
 	segp->g = true;
 	segp->present = true;
 }

 /* Address Guest Virtual to Guest Physical
  *
  * Input Args:
  *   vm - Virtual Machine
  *   gpa - VM virtual address
  *
  * Output Args: None
  *
  * Return:
  *   Equivalent VM physical address
  *
  * Translates the VM virtual address given by gva to a VM physical
  * address and then locates the memory region containing the VM
  * physical address, within the VM given by vm.  When found, the host
  * virtual address providing the memory to the vm physical address is returned.
  * A TEST_ASSERT failure occurs if no region containing translated
  * VM virtual address exists.
  */
 vm_paddr_t addr_gva2gpa(struct kvm_vm *vm, vm_vaddr_t gva)
 {
 	uint16_t index[4];
 	struct pageMapL4Entry *pml4e;
 	struct pageDirectoryPointerEntry *pdpe;
 	struct pageDirectoryEntry *pde;
 	struct pageTableEntry *pte;
 	void *hva;

 	TEST_ASSERT(vm->mode == VM_MODE_FLAT48PG, "Attempt to use "
 		"unknown or unsupported guest mode, mode: 0x%x", vm->mode);

 	index[0] = (gva >> 12) & 0x1ffu;
 	index[1] = (gva >> 21) & 0x1ffu;
 	index[2] = (gva >> 30) & 0x1ffu;
 	index[3] = (gva >> 39) & 0x1ffu;

 	if (!vm->pgd_created)
 		goto unmapped_gva;
 	pml4e = addr_gpa2hva(vm, vm->pgd);
 	if (!pml4e[index[3]].present)
 		goto unmapped_gva;

 	pdpe = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pml4e[index[3]].address * vm->page_size);
 	if (!pdpe[index[2]].present)
 		goto unmapped_gva;

 	pde = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pdpe[index[2]].address * vm->page_size);
 	if (!pde[index[1]].present)
 		goto unmapped_gva;

 	pte = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pde[index[1]].address * vm->page_size);
 	if (!pte[index[0]].present)
 		goto unmapped_gva;

 	return (pte[index[0]].address * vm->page_size) + (gva & 0xfffu);

 unmapped_gva:
 	TEST_ASSERT(false, "No mapping for vm virtual address, "
 		    "gva: 0x%lx", gva);
 }

 void vcpu_setup(struct kvm_vm *vm, int vcpuid)
 {
 	struct kvm_sregs sregs;

 	/* Set mode specific system register values. */
 	vcpu_sregs_get(vm, vcpuid, &sregs);

 	switch (vm->mode) {
 	case VM_MODE_FLAT48PG:
 		sregs.cr0 = X86_CR0_PE | X86_CR0_NE | X86_CR0_PG;
 		sregs.cr4 |= X86_CR4_PAE;
 		sregs.efer |= (EFER_LME | EFER_LMA | EFER_NX);

 		kvm_seg_set_unusable(&sregs.ldt);
 		kvm_seg_set_kernel_code_64bit(0x8, &sregs.cs);
 		kvm_seg_set_kernel_data_64bit(0x10, &sregs.ds);
 		kvm_seg_set_kernel_data_64bit(0x10, &sregs.es);
 		break;

 	default:
 		TEST_ASSERT(false, "Unknown guest mode, mode: 0x%x", vm->mode);
 	}
 	vcpu_sregs_set(vm, vcpuid, &sregs);

 	/* If virtual translation table have been setup, set system register
 	 * to point to the tables.  It's okay if they haven't been setup yet,
 	 * in that the code that sets up the virtual translation tables, will
 	 * go back through any VCPUs that have already been created and set
 	 * their values.
 	 */
 	if (vm->pgd_created) {
 		struct kvm_sregs sregs;

 		vcpu_sregs_get(vm, vcpuid, &sregs);

 		sregs.cr3 = vm->pgd;
 		vcpu_sregs_set(vm, vcpuid, &sregs);
 	}
 }
 /* Adds a vCPU with reasonable defaults (i.e., a stack)
  *
  * Input Args:
  *   vcpuid - The id of the VCPU to add to the VM.
  *   guest_code - The vCPU's entry point
  */
 void vm_vcpu_add_default(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t vcpuid, void *guest_code)
 {
 	struct kvm_mp_state mp_state;
 	struct kvm_regs regs;
 	vm_vaddr_t stack_vaddr;
 	stack_vaddr = vm_vaddr_alloc(vm, DEFAULT_STACK_PGS * getpagesize(),
 				     DEFAULT_GUEST_STACK_VADDR_MIN, 0, 0);

 	/* Create VCPU */
 	vm_vcpu_add(vm, vcpuid);

 	/* Setup guest general purpose registers */
 	vcpu_regs_get(vm, vcpuid, &regs);
 	regs.rflags = regs.rflags | 0x2;
 	regs.rsp = stack_vaddr + (DEFAULT_STACK_PGS * getpagesize());
 	regs.rip = (unsigned long) guest_code;
 	vcpu_regs_set(vm, vcpuid, &regs);

 	/* Setup the MP state */
 	mp_state.mp_state = 0;
 	vcpu_set_mp_state(vm, vcpuid, &mp_state);
 }

 /* VM VCPU CPUID Set
  *
  * Input Args:
  *   vm - Virtual Machine
  *   vcpuid - VCPU id
  *   cpuid - The CPUID values to set.
  *
  * Output Args: None
  *
  * Return: void
  *
  * Set the VCPU's CPUID.
  */
 void vcpu_set_cpuid(struct kvm_vm *vm,
 		uint32_t vcpuid, struct kvm_cpuid2 *cpuid)
 {
 	struct vcpu *vcpu = vcpu_find(vm, vcpuid);
 	int rc;

 	TEST_ASSERT(vcpu != NULL, "vcpu not found, vcpuid: %u", vcpuid);

 	rc = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_SET_CPUID2, cpuid);
 	TEST_ASSERT(rc == 0, "KVM_SET_CPUID2 failed, rc: %i errno: %i",
 		    rc, errno);

 }
 /* Create a VM with reasonable defaults
  *
  * Input Args:
  *   vcpuid - The id of the single VCPU to add to the VM.
  *   guest_code - The vCPU's entry point
  *
  * Output Args: None
  *
  * Return:
  *   Pointer to opaque structure that describes the created VM.
  */
 struct kvm_vm *vm_create_default(uint32_t vcpuid, void *guest_code)
 {
 	struct kvm_vm *vm;

 	/* Create VM */
 	vm = vm_create(VM_MODE_FLAT48PG, DEFAULT_GUEST_PHY_PAGES, O_RDWR);

 	/* Setup guest code */
 	kvm_vm_elf_load(vm, program_invocation_name, 0, 0);

 	/* Setup IRQ Chip */
 	vm_create_irqchip(vm);

 	/* Add the first vCPU. */
 	vm_vcpu_add_default(vm, vcpuid, guest_code);

 	return vm;
 }
	/*
	* tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86.c
	*
	* Copyright (C) 2018, Google LLC.
	*
	* This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.
	*/

	#define _GNU_SOURCE /* for program_invocation_name */

	#include "test_util.h"
	#include "kvm_util.h"
	#include "kvm_util_internal.h"
	#include "x86.h"

	/* Minimum physical address used for virtual translation tables. */
	#define KVM_GUEST_PAGE_TABLE_MIN_PADDR 0x180000

	/* Virtual translation table structure declarations */
	struct pageMapL4Entry {
	uint64_t present:1;
	uint64_t writable:1;
	uint64_t user:1;
	uint64_t write_through:1;
	uint64_t cache_disable:1;
	uint64_t accessed:1;
	uint64_t ignored_06:1;
	uint64_t page_size:1;
	uint64_t ignored_11_08:4;
	uint64_t address:40;
	uint64_t ignored_62_52:11;
	uint64_t execute_disable:1;
	};

	struct pageDirectoryPointerEntry {
	uint64_t present:1;
	uint64_t writable:1;
	uint64_t user:1;
	uint64_t write_through:1;
	uint64_t cache_disable:1;
	uint64_t accessed:1;
	uint64_t ignored_06:1;
	uint64_t page_size:1;
	uint64_t ignored_11_08:4;
	uint64_t address:40;
	uint64_t ignored_62_52:11;
	uint64_t execute_disable:1;
	};

	struct pageDirectoryEntry {
	uint64_t present:1;
	uint64_t writable:1;
	uint64_t user:1;
	uint64_t write_through:1;
	uint64_t cache_disable:1;
	uint64_t accessed:1;
	uint64_t ignored_06:1;
	uint64_t page_size:1;
	uint64_t ignored_11_08:4;
	uint64_t address:40;
	uint64_t ignored_62_52:11;
	uint64_t execute_disable:1;
	};

	struct pageTableEntry {
	uint64_t present:1;
	uint64_t writable:1;
	uint64_t user:1;
	uint64_t write_through:1;
	uint64_t cache_disable:1;
	uint64_t accessed:1;
	uint64_t dirty:1;
	uint64_t reserved_07:1;
	uint64_t global:1;
	uint64_t ignored_11_09:3;
	uint64_t address:40;
	uint64_t ignored_62_52:11;
	uint64_t execute_disable:1;
	};

	/* Register Dump
	*
	* Input Args:
	* indent - Left margin indent amount
	* regs - register
	*
	* Output Args:
	* stream - Output FILE stream
	*
	* Return: None
	*
	* Dumps the state of the registers given by regs, to the FILE stream
	* given by steam.
	*/
	void regs_dump(FILE stream, struct kvm_regs regs,
	uint8_t indent)
	{
	fprintf(stream, "%*srax: 0x%.16llx rbx: 0x%.16llx "
	"rcx: 0x%.16llx rdx: 0x%.16llx\n",
	indent, "",
	regs->rax, regs->rbx, regs->rcx, regs->rdx);
	fprintf(stream, "%*srsi: 0x%.16llx rdi: 0x%.16llx "
	"rsp: 0x%.16llx rbp: 0x%.16llx\n",
	indent, "",
	regs->rsi, regs->rdi, regs->rsp, regs->rbp);
	fprintf(stream, "%*sr8: 0x%.16llx r9: 0x%.16llx "
	"r10: 0x%.16llx r11: 0x%.16llx\n",
	indent, "",
	regs->r8, regs->r9, regs->r10, regs->r11);
	fprintf(stream, "%*sr12: 0x%.16llx r13: 0x%.16llx "
	"r14: 0x%.16llx r15: 0x%.16llx\n",
	indent, "",
	regs->r12, regs->r13, regs->r14, regs->r15);
	fprintf(stream, "%*srip: 0x%.16llx rfl: 0x%.16llx\n",
	indent, "",
	regs->rip, regs->rflags);
	}

	/* Segment Dump
	*
	* Input Args:
	* indent - Left margin indent amount
	* segment - KVM segment
	*
	* Output Args:
	* stream - Output FILE stream
	*
	* Return: None
	*
	* Dumps the state of the KVM segment given by segment, to the FILE stream
	* given by steam.
	*/
	static void segment_dump(FILE stream, struct kvm_segment segment,
	uint8_t indent)
	{
	fprintf(stream, "%*sbase: 0x%.16llx limit: 0x%.8x "
	"selector: 0x%.4x type: 0x%.2x\n",
	indent, "", segment->base, segment->limit,
	segment->selector, segment->type);
	fprintf(stream, "%*spresent: 0x%.2x dpl: 0x%.2x "
	"db: 0x%.2x s: 0x%.2x l: 0x%.2x\n",
	indent, "", segment->present, segment->dpl,
	segment->db, segment->s, segment->l);
	fprintf(stream, "%*sg: 0x%.2x avl: 0x%.2x "
	"unusable: 0x%.2x padding: 0x%.2x\n",
	indent, "", segment->g, segment->avl,
	segment->unusable, segment->padding);
	}

	/* dtable Dump
	*
	* Input Args:
	* indent - Left margin indent amount
	* dtable - KVM dtable
	*
	* Output Args:
	* stream - Output FILE stream
	*
	* Return: None
	*
	* Dumps the state of the KVM dtable given by dtable, to the FILE stream
	* given by steam.
	*/
	static void dtable_dump(FILE stream, struct kvm_dtable dtable,
	uint8_t indent)
	{
	fprintf(stream, "%*sbase: 0x%.16llx limit: 0x%.4x "
	"padding: 0x%.4x 0x%.4x 0x%.4x\n",
	indent, "", dtable->base, dtable->limit,
	dtable->padding[0], dtable->padding[1], dtable->padding[2]);
	}

	/* System Register Dump
	*
	* Input Args:
	* indent - Left margin indent amount
	* sregs - System registers
	*
	* Output Args:
	* stream - Output FILE stream
	*
	* Return: None
	*
	* Dumps the state of the system registers given by sregs, to the FILE stream
	* given by steam.
	*/
	void sregs_dump(FILE stream, struct kvm_sregs sregs,
	uint8_t indent)
	{
	unsigned int i;

	fprintf(stream, "%*scs:\n", indent, "");
	segment_dump(stream, &sregs->cs, indent + 2);
	fprintf(stream, "%*sds:\n", indent, "");
	segment_dump(stream, &sregs->ds, indent + 2);
	fprintf(stream, "%*ses:\n", indent, "");
	segment_dump(stream, &sregs->es, indent + 2);
	fprintf(stream, "%*sfs:\n", indent, "");
	segment_dump(stream, &sregs->fs, indent + 2);
	fprintf(stream, "%*sgs:\n", indent, "");
	segment_dump(stream, &sregs->gs, indent + 2);
	fprintf(stream, "%*sss:\n", indent, "");
	segment_dump(stream, &sregs->ss, indent + 2);
	fprintf(stream, "%*str:\n", indent, "");
	segment_dump(stream, &sregs->tr, indent + 2);
	fprintf(stream, "%*sldt:\n", indent, "");
	segment_dump(stream, &sregs->ldt, indent + 2);

	fprintf(stream, "%*sgdt:\n", indent, "");
	dtable_dump(stream, &sregs->gdt, indent + 2);
	fprintf(stream, "%*sidt:\n", indent, "");
	dtable_dump(stream, &sregs->idt, indent + 2);

	fprintf(stream, "%*scr0: 0x%.16llx cr2: 0x%.16llx "
	"cr3: 0x%.16llx cr4: 0x%.16llx\n",
	indent, "",
	sregs->cr0, sregs->cr2, sregs->cr3, sregs->cr4);
	fprintf(stream, "%*scr8: 0x%.16llx efer: 0x%.16llx "
	"apic_base: 0x%.16llx\n",
	indent, "",
	sregs->cr8, sregs->efer, sregs->apic_base);

	fprintf(stream, "%*sinterrupt_bitmap:\n", indent, "");
	for (i = 0; i < (KVM_NR_INTERRUPTS + 63) / 64; i++) {
	fprintf(stream, "%*s%.16llx\n", indent + 2, "",
	sregs->interrupt_bitmap[i]);
	}
	}

	void virt_pgd_alloc(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t pgd_memslot)
	{
	int rc;

	TEST_ASSERT(vm->mode == VM_MODE_FLAT48PG, "Attempt to use "
	"unknown or unsupported guest mode, mode: 0x%x", vm->mode);

	/* If needed, create page map l4 table. */
	if (!vm->pgd_created) {
	vm_paddr_t paddr = vm_phy_page_alloc(vm,
	KVM_GUEST_PAGE_TABLE_MIN_PADDR, pgd_memslot);
	vm->pgd = paddr;

	/* Set pointer to pgd tables in all the VCPUs that
	* have already been created. Future VCPUs will have
	* the value set as each one is created.
	*/
	for (struct vcpu *vcpu = vm->vcpu_head; vcpu;
	vcpu = vcpu->next) {
	struct kvm_sregs sregs;

	/* Obtain the current system register settings */
	vcpu_sregs_get(vm, vcpu->id, &sregs);

	/* Set and store the pointer to the start of the
	* pgd tables.
	*/
	sregs.cr3 = vm->pgd;
	vcpu_sregs_set(vm, vcpu->id, &sregs);
	}

	vm->pgd_created = true;
	}
	}

	/* VM Virtual Page Map
	*
	* Input Args:
	* vm - Virtual Machine
	* vaddr - VM Virtual Address
	* paddr - VM Physical Address
	* pgd_memslot - Memory region slot for new virtual translation tables
	*
	* Output Args: None
	*
	* Return: None
	*
	* Within the VM given by vm, creates a virtual translation for the page
	* starting at vaddr to the page starting at paddr.
	*/
	void virt_pg_map(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint64_t vaddr, uint64_t paddr,
	uint32_t pgd_memslot)
	{
	uint16_t index[4];
	struct pageMapL4Entry *pml4e;

	TEST_ASSERT(vm->mode == VM_MODE_FLAT48PG, "Attempt to use "
	"unknown or unsupported guest mode, mode: 0x%x", vm->mode);

	TEST_ASSERT((vaddr % vm->page_size) == 0,
	"Virtual address not on page boundary,\n"
	" vaddr: 0x%lx vm->page_size: 0x%x",
	vaddr, vm->page_size);
	TEST_ASSERT(sparsebit_is_set(vm->vpages_valid,
	(vaddr >> vm->page_shift)),
	"Invalid virtual address, vaddr: 0x%lx",
	vaddr);
	TEST_ASSERT((paddr % vm->page_size) == 0,
	"Physical address not on page boundary,\n"
	" paddr: 0x%lx vm->page_size: 0x%x",
	paddr, vm->page_size);
	TEST_ASSERT((paddr >> vm->page_shift) <= vm->max_gfn,
	"Physical address beyond beyond maximum supported,\n"
	" paddr: 0x%lx vm->max_gfn: 0x%lx vm->page_size: 0x%x",
	paddr, vm->max_gfn, vm->page_size);

	index[0] = (vaddr >> 12) & 0x1ffu;
	index[1] = (vaddr >> 21) & 0x1ffu;
	index[2] = (vaddr >> 30) & 0x1ffu;
	index[3] = (vaddr >> 39) & 0x1ffu;

	/* Allocate page directory pointer table if not present. */
	pml4e = addr_gpa2hva(vm, vm->pgd);
	if (!pml4e[index[3]].present) {
	pml4e[index[3]].address = vm_phy_page_alloc(vm,
	KVM_GUEST_PAGE_TABLE_MIN_PADDR, pgd_memslot)
	>> vm->page_shift;
	pml4e[index[3]].writable = true;
	pml4e[index[3]].present = true;
	}

	/* Allocate page directory table if not present. */
	struct pageDirectoryPointerEntry *pdpe;
	pdpe = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pml4e[index[3]].address * vm->page_size);
	if (!pdpe[index[2]].present) {
	pdpe[index[2]].address = vm_phy_page_alloc(vm,
	KVM_GUEST_PAGE_TABLE_MIN_PADDR, pgd_memslot)
	>> vm->page_shift;
	pdpe[index[2]].writable = true;
	pdpe[index[2]].present = true;
	}

	/* Allocate page table if not present. */
	struct pageDirectoryEntry *pde;
	pde = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pdpe[index[2]].address * vm->page_size);
	if (!pde[index[1]].present) {
	pde[index[1]].address = vm_phy_page_alloc(vm,
	KVM_GUEST_PAGE_TABLE_MIN_PADDR, pgd_memslot)
	>> vm->page_shift;
	pde[index[1]].writable = true;
	pde[index[1]].present = true;
	}

	/* Fill in page table entry. */
	struct pageTableEntry *pte;
	pte = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pde[index[1]].address * vm->page_size);
	pte[index[0]].address = paddr >> vm->page_shift;
	pte[index[0]].writable = true;
	pte[index[0]].present = 1;
	}

	/* Virtual Translation Tables Dump
	*
	* Input Args:
	* vm - Virtual Machine
	* indent - Left margin indent amount
	*
	* Output Args:
	* stream - Output FILE stream
	*
	* Return: None
	*
	* Dumps to the FILE stream given by stream, the contents of all the
	* virtual translation tables for the VM given by vm.
	*/
	void virt_dump(FILE stream, struct kvm_vm vm, uint8_t indent)
	{
	struct pageMapL4Entry pml4e, pml4e_start;
	struct pageDirectoryPointerEntry pdpe, pdpe_start;
	struct pageDirectoryEntry pde, pde_start;
	struct pageTableEntry pte, pte_start;

	if (!vm->pgd_created)
	return;

	fprintf(stream, "%*s "
	" no\n", indent, "");
	fprintf(stream, "%*s index hvaddr gpaddr "
	"addr w exec dirty\n",
	indent, "");
	pml4e_start = (struct pageMapL4Entry *) addr_gpa2hva(vm,
	vm->pgd);
	for (uint16_t n1 = 0; n1 <= 0x1ffu; n1++) {
	pml4e = &pml4e_start[n1];
	if (!pml4e->present)
	continue;
	fprintf(stream, "%*spml4e 0x%-3zx %p 0x%-12lx 0x%-10lx %u "
	" %u\n",
	indent, "",
	pml4e - pml4e_start, pml4e,
	addr_hva2gpa(vm, pml4e), (uint64_t) pml4e->address,
	pml4e->writable, pml4e->execute_disable);

	pdpe_start = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pml4e->address
	* vm->page_size);
	for (uint16_t n2 = 0; n2 <= 0x1ffu; n2++) {
	pdpe = &pdpe_start[n2];
	if (!pdpe->present)
	continue;
	fprintf(stream, "%*spdpe 0x%-3zx %p 0x%-12lx 0x%-10lx "
	"%u %u\n",
	indent, "",
	pdpe - pdpe_start, pdpe,
	addr_hva2gpa(vm, pdpe),
	(uint64_t) pdpe->address, pdpe->writable,
	pdpe->execute_disable);

	pde_start = addr_gpa2hva(vm,
	pdpe->address * vm->page_size);
	for (uint16_t n3 = 0; n3 <= 0x1ffu; n3++) {
	pde = &pde_start[n3];
	if (!pde->present)
	continue;
	fprintf(stream, "%*spde 0x%-3zx %p "
	"0x%-12lx 0x%-10lx %u %u\n",
	indent, "", pde - pde_start, pde,
	addr_hva2gpa(vm, pde),
	(uint64_t) pde->address, pde->writable,
	pde->execute_disable);

	pte_start = addr_gpa2hva(vm,
	pde->address * vm->page_size);
	for (uint16_t n4 = 0; n4 <= 0x1ffu; n4++) {
	pte = &pte_start[n4];
	if (!pte->present)
	continue;
	fprintf(stream, "%*spte 0x%-3zx %p "
	"0x%-12lx 0x%-10lx %u %u "
	" %u 0x%-10lx\n",
	indent, "",
	pte - pte_start, pte,
	addr_hva2gpa(vm, pte),
	(uint64_t) pte->address,
	pte->writable,
	pte->execute_disable,
	pte->dirty,
	((uint64_t) n1 << 27)
	\| ((uint64_t) n2 << 18)
	\| ((uint64_t) n3 << 9)
	\| ((uint64_t) n4));
	}
	}
	}
	}
	}

	/* Set Unusable Segment
	*
	* Input Args: None
	*
	* Output Args:
	* segp - Pointer to segment register
	*
	* Return: None
	*
	* Sets the segment register pointed to by segp to an unusable state.
	*/
	static void kvm_seg_set_unusable(struct kvm_segment *segp)
	{
	memset(segp, 0, sizeof(*segp));
	segp->unusable = true;
	}

	/* Set Long Mode Flat Kernel Code Segment
	*
	* Input Args:
	* selector - selector value
	*
	* Output Args:
	* segp - Pointer to KVM segment
	*
	* Return: None
	*
	* Sets up the KVM segment pointed to by segp, to be a code segment
	* with the selector value given by selector.
	*/
	static void kvm_seg_set_kernel_code_64bit(uint16_t selector,
	struct kvm_segment *segp)
	{
	memset(segp, 0, sizeof(*segp));
	segp->selector = selector;
	segp->limit = 0xFFFFFFFFu;
	segp->s = 0x1; /* kTypeCodeData */
	segp->type = 0x08 \| 0x01 \| 0x02; /* kFlagCode \| kFlagCodeAccessed
	* \| kFlagCodeReadable
	*/
	segp->g = true;
	segp->l = true;
	segp->present = 1;
	}

	/* Set Long Mode Flat Kernel Data Segment
	*
	* Input Args:
	* selector - selector value
	*
	* Output Args:
	* segp - Pointer to KVM segment
	*
	* Return: None
	*
	* Sets up the KVM segment pointed to by segp, to be a data segment
	* with the selector value given by selector.
	*/
	static void kvm_seg_set_kernel_data_64bit(uint16_t selector,
	struct kvm_segment *segp)
	{
	memset(segp, 0, sizeof(*segp));
	segp->selector = selector;
	segp->limit = 0xFFFFFFFFu;
	segp->s = 0x1; /* kTypeCodeData */
	segp->type = 0x00 \| 0x01 \| 0x02; /* kFlagData \| kFlagDataAccessed
	* \| kFlagDataWritable
	*/
	segp->g = true;
	segp->present = true;
	}

	/* Address Guest Virtual to Guest Physical
	*
	* Input Args:
	* vm - Virtual Machine
	* gpa - VM virtual address
	*
	* Output Args: None
	*
	* Return:
	* Equivalent VM physical address
	*
	* Translates the VM virtual address given by gva to a VM physical
	* address and then locates the memory region containing the VM
	* physical address, within the VM given by vm. When found, the host
	* virtual address providing the memory to the vm physical address is returned.
	* A TEST_ASSERT failure occurs if no region containing translated
	* VM virtual address exists.
	*/
	vm_paddr_t addr_gva2gpa(struct kvm_vm *vm, vm_vaddr_t gva)
	{
	uint16_t index[4];
	struct pageMapL4Entry *pml4e;
	struct pageDirectoryPointerEntry *pdpe;
	struct pageDirectoryEntry *pde;
	struct pageTableEntry *pte;
	void *hva;

	TEST_ASSERT(vm->mode == VM_MODE_FLAT48PG, "Attempt to use "
	"unknown or unsupported guest mode, mode: 0x%x", vm->mode);

	index[0] = (gva >> 12) & 0x1ffu;
	index[1] = (gva >> 21) & 0x1ffu;
	index[2] = (gva >> 30) & 0x1ffu;
	index[3] = (gva >> 39) & 0x1ffu;

	if (!vm->pgd_created)
	goto unmapped_gva;
	pml4e = addr_gpa2hva(vm, vm->pgd);
	if (!pml4e[index[3]].present)
	goto unmapped_gva;

	pdpe = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pml4e[index[3]].address * vm->page_size);
	if (!pdpe[index[2]].present)
	goto unmapped_gva;

	pde = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pdpe[index[2]].address * vm->page_size);
	if (!pde[index[1]].present)
	goto unmapped_gva;

	pte = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pde[index[1]].address * vm->page_size);
	if (!pte[index[0]].present)
	goto unmapped_gva;

	return (pte[index[0]].address * vm->page_size) + (gva & 0xfffu);

	unmapped_gva:
	TEST_ASSERT(false, "No mapping for vm virtual address, "
	"gva: 0x%lx", gva);
	}

	void vcpu_setup(struct kvm_vm *vm, int vcpuid)
	{
	struct kvm_sregs sregs;

	/* Set mode specific system register values. */
	vcpu_sregs_get(vm, vcpuid, &sregs);

	switch (vm->mode) {
	case VM_MODE_FLAT48PG:
	sregs.cr0 = X86_CR0_PE \| X86_CR0_NE \| X86_CR0_PG;
	sregs.cr4 \|= X86_CR4_PAE;
	sregs.efer \|= (EFER_LME \| EFER_LMA \| EFER_NX);

	kvm_seg_set_unusable(&sregs.ldt);
	kvm_seg_set_kernel_code_64bit(0x8, &sregs.cs);
	kvm_seg_set_kernel_data_64bit(0x10, &sregs.ds);
	kvm_seg_set_kernel_data_64bit(0x10, &sregs.es);
	break;

	default:
	TEST_ASSERT(false, "Unknown guest mode, mode: 0x%x", vm->mode);
	}
	vcpu_sregs_set(vm, vcpuid, &sregs);

	/* If virtual translation table have been setup, set system register
	* to point to the tables. It's okay if they haven't been setup yet,
	* in that the code that sets up the virtual translation tables, will
	* go back through any VCPUs that have already been created and set
	* their values.
	*/
	if (vm->pgd_created) {
	struct kvm_sregs sregs;

	vcpu_sregs_get(vm, vcpuid, &sregs);

	sregs.cr3 = vm->pgd;
	vcpu_sregs_set(vm, vcpuid, &sregs);
	}
	}
	/* Adds a vCPU with reasonable defaults (i.e., a stack)
	*
	* Input Args:
	* vcpuid - The id of the VCPU to add to the VM.
	* guest_code - The vCPU's entry point
	*/
	void vm_vcpu_add_default(struct kvm_vm vm, uint32_t vcpuid, void guest_code)
	{
	struct kvm_mp_state mp_state;
	struct kvm_regs regs;
	vm_vaddr_t stack_vaddr;
	stack_vaddr = vm_vaddr_alloc(vm, DEFAULT_STACK_PGS * getpagesize(),
	DEFAULT_GUEST_STACK_VADDR_MIN, 0, 0);

	/* Create VCPU */
	vm_vcpu_add(vm, vcpuid);

	/* Setup guest general purpose registers */
	vcpu_regs_get(vm, vcpuid, &regs);
	regs.rflags = regs.rflags \| 0x2;
	regs.rsp = stack_vaddr + (DEFAULT_STACK_PGS * getpagesize());
	regs.rip = (unsigned long) guest_code;
	vcpu_regs_set(vm, vcpuid, &regs);

	/* Setup the MP state */
	mp_state.mp_state = 0;
	vcpu_set_mp_state(vm, vcpuid, &mp_state);
	}

	/* VM VCPU CPUID Set
	*
	* Input Args:
	* vm - Virtual Machine
	* vcpuid - VCPU id
	* cpuid - The CPUID values to set.
	*
	* Output Args: None
	*
	* Return: void
	*
	* Set the VCPU's CPUID.
	*/
	void vcpu_set_cpuid(struct kvm_vm *vm,
	uint32_t vcpuid, struct kvm_cpuid2 *cpuid)
	{
	struct vcpu *vcpu = vcpu_find(vm, vcpuid);
	int rc;

	TEST_ASSERT(vcpu != NULL, "vcpu not found, vcpuid: %u", vcpuid);

	rc = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_SET_CPUID2, cpuid);
	TEST_ASSERT(rc == 0, "KVM_SET_CPUID2 failed, rc: %i errno: %i",
	rc, errno);

	}
	/* Create a VM with reasonable defaults
	*
	* Input Args:
	* vcpuid - The id of the single VCPU to add to the VM.
	* guest_code - The vCPU's entry point
	*
	* Output Args: None
	*
	* Return:
	* Pointer to opaque structure that describes the created VM.
	*/
	struct kvm_vm vm_create_default(uint32_t vcpuid, void guest_code)
	{
	struct kvm_vm *vm;

	/* Create VM */
	vm = vm_create(VM_MODE_FLAT48PG, DEFAULT_GUEST_PHY_PAGES, O_RDWR);

	/* Setup guest code */
	kvm_vm_elf_load(vm, program_invocation_name, 0, 0);

	/* Setup IRQ Chip */
	vm_create_irqchip(vm);

	/* Add the first vCPU. */
	vm_vcpu_add_default(vm, vcpuid, guest_code);

	return vm;
	}